Component
Any part of the environment is called
component.
Parts
There
are two basic parts of the ecosystem components;
1. Biotic components
2. Abiotic components
1.
Abiotic components;
It includes non-living factors present in the
ecosystem. E.g. light, air, water, soil.
2. Biotic components
Living parts of the ecosystem are
called biotic factors. E.g. human being, birds, animals.
Biotic components are further
classified as
A. Producers
B. Consumers
C. Decomposers
A. Producers
· Producers are autotrophs
present in the ecosystem.
· It includes the plants,
algae, photosynthetic bacteria.
· These organisms have ability
to synthesize complex organic compounds (food) from inorganic raw material.
B.
Consumers
· Consumers are the
heterotrophic.
· They can’t synthesize their
own food and depends on producers.
· It includes all animals,
fungi, protozoans and many of the bacteria.
· Animals are the major
consumers of the ecosystem.
· They are further classified
as
a) Herbivorous
b) Carnivorous
a.
Herbivorous
· They feed on plants.
· E.g. cattle, deer, rabbit,
grasshopper etc.
· They are the Primary
consumers.
b.
Carnivorous
·
They feed on other animals.
·
They are the primary consumers (SECONDARY
CONSUMERS) feed on the herbivorous.
·
Frog, fox, predatory birds, many fishes, snakes
etc.
·
Secondary carnivorous (Tertiary consumers)
feed on primary carnivorous.
·
Wolf and owl etc.
·
Tertiary carnivorous E.g. lion, tiger feed on
secondary carnivorous.
C. Decomposers:
·
They breakdown the complex organic matter (of
plants and animals) into simplest compounds.
·
They secret digestive enzymes into dead
material and digest them.
·
After digestion, they absorb it for their own
use. Remaining substance added to environment.
·
Many types of bacteria and fungi are the
decomposers.
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